Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, is a common dental issue. Most experience it as sudden, sharp pain when their teeth come into contact with hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods or drinks. Here’s what actually causes this discomfort and some recommendations for when you should bring it up with your dentist.
What is Tooth Sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity happens when the protective layer of your teeth, called enamel, gets worn down, exposing the dentin. Dentin is the middle layer of your teeth and has tiny tubes leading to the nerve. When the dentin is exposed, these tubes allow hot, cold, sweet, or acidic substances to reach the nerve, causing pain.
Common Causes of Tooth Sensitivity
Understanding the causes of tooth sensitivity can help you take steps to protect your enamel and reduce discomfort. Some of the most common causes include:
- Brushing your teeth too hard
- Acidic drinks like coffee and soda
- Bruxism, or teeth grinding
- Gum recession and disease
- Cracked teeth
- Tooth decay
Brush gently, avoid acidic foods and drinks, and wear a mouthguard if you grind your teeth at night.
When to See Your Dentist about Tooth Sensitivity
While some tooth sensitivity can be managed at home with over-the-counter products, there are times when you should definitely bring it up with your dentist:
- Severe or Persistent Pain: If your tooth sensitivity is causing severe pain or doesn’t go away, it’s time to get a dentist appointment. Persistent pain can also be a sign of more serious problems, such as a cavity or an infection.
- Visible Tooth Damage: If you notice visible damage to your teeth, such as cracks, chips, or worn fillings, make an appointment with your dentist. These issues can expose the dentin and lead to sensitivity or worse issues.
- Gum Recession: If your gums are receding or you notice that your teeth look longer than usual, see your dentist. Gum recession can expose the roots of your teeth and lead to tooth instability.
- Over-the-Counter Products Aren’t Working: If using a soft-bristled toothbrush and desensitizing toothpaste doesn’t improve your sensitivity, consult your dentist. They can provide stronger treatments, such as fluoride varnishes or dental bonding, to help protect your teeth.
- Signs of Tooth Decay or Infection: If you have sensitivity along with other symptoms like toothache, swelling, or bad breath, it could indicate tooth decay or an infection. Prompt dental care is necessary to address these issues.
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If your sensitivity is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms, don’t hesitate to see your dentist. They can identify the underlying cause and recommend the best treatment to keep your teeth healthy and pain-free.
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